Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo.
Low-intensity, pulsed infrared light provides a novel nerve stimulation modality that avoids the limitations of traditional electrical methods such as necessity of contact, presence of a stimulation artifact, and relatively poor spatial precision. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is, however, limited by a 2:1 ratio of threshold radiant exposures for damage to that for stimulation. We have show...
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Visual awareness, using a number of perceptual paradigms such as binocular rivalry and visual detection, has been studied for decades. Most researches focused on how activation of brain components, in particular, the cortex changes in line with the organism’s level of awareness. However, little emphasis is put on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in response to transitions to and from awarenes...
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This review yields numerous conclusions. (1) Both unit recording and behavioral studies find that current activates neurons (i.e., cell bodies and axons) directly according to the square of the distance between the electrode and the neuron, and that the excitability of neurons can vary between 100 and 4000 microA/mm2 using a 0.2-ms cathodal pulse duration. (2) Currents as low as 10 microA, whic...
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That human body generates biological electric field and current is a well-known natural phenomenon. In 1983, electrical potentials ranging between 10 and 60 mV at various locations of the human body were measured by Barker (Foulds & Barker, 1983), who also located the so-called epidermal or skin “battery” inside the living layer of the epidermis. Naturally occurred electrical field in human bod...
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Neural stimulation with high spatial and temporal precision is desirable both for studying the real-time dynamics of neural networks and for prospective clinical treatment of neurological diseases. Optical stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing the light sensitive channel protein Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) has recently been reported as a means for millisecond temporal control of ne...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Biomedical Optics
سال: 2009
ISSN: 1083-3668
DOI: 10.1117/1.3257230